REVIEW Pioglitazone acts as an agonist at peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPAR) in target tissues for insulin action such as adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and liver. Activation of PPAR-gamma receptors increases the transcription of insulin-responsive genes involved in the control of glucose production, transport, and utilization. In this way, pioglitazone both enhances tissue sensitivity to insulin and reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis. Thus, insulin resistance associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus is improved without an increase in insulin secretion by pancreatic β cells.
REFERENCES
[1]
Colca JR, McDonald WG, Waldon DJ, Leone JW, Lull JM, Bannow CA, Lund ET, Mathews WR: Identification of a novel mitochondrial protein (''mitoNEET'') cross-linked specifically by a thiazolidinedione photoprobe. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 2004 Feb;286(2):E252-60. Epub 2003 Oct 21.
[2]
Paddock ML, Wiley SE, Axelrod HL, Cohen AE, Roy M, Abresch EC, Capraro D, Murphy AN, Nechushtai R, Dixon JE, Jennings PA: MitoNEET is a uniquely folded 2Fe 2S outer mitochondrial membrane protein stabilized by pioglitazone. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Sep 4;104(36):14342-7. Epub 2007 Aug 31.
[3]
Lincoff AM, Wolski K, Nicholls SJ, Nissen SE: Pioglitazone and risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. JAMA. 2007 Sep 12;298(10):1180-8.
All products are stocked and shipped from the SF Bay, California, USA via FedEx, UPS or DHL.
All batches backed with full quality assurance.
??
All products are for research and development use only, not for any other uses, and must be handled by technically-qualified persons.
These products are explicitly not intended to be used in foods and/or cosmetics and/or drugs (human and veterinary) and/or consumer products and/or biocides and/or pesticides of any kind unless explicitly stated otherwise.
Products are not sold to individuals. We do not ship to residential addresses. Consumer orders will be cancelled without notice.
New customers undergo an internal onboarding process. As part of this process, new customers may be asked for more information. Additional restrictions may apply.
??
WARNING: Attention California residents: This product can expose you to chemicals including Pioglitazone, which is known to the State of California to cause cancer. For more information, go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.