2,3-ジクロロ-5,6-ジシアノ-1,4-ベンゾキノン 化學(xué)特性,用途語,生産方法
外観
黃色～くすんだ黃色～濃い紫色粉末～結(jié)晶
用途
有機(jī)合成中に、酸化剤として使用，ステロイド化學(xué)でのアクリルアルコール類を酸化し、対応するα,β-不飽和ケトンの合成に使用，有機(jī)ELを構(gòu)成するキャリア輸送層に使用。
説明
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) has a variety of applications. DDQ is a deprotection agent for ketals, acetals, and thioacetals. It is a useful electron transfer reagent for synthesis of quinolones and an oxidizing agent used to synthesize steroids. Additionally, DDQ is used with Ph3P to synthesize 1,2-benzisoxazoles.
化學(xué)的特性
yellow to orange powder
使用
An oxidizing agent, especially in steroid synthesis.
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone is used as a reagent for oxidative couplings and cyclization reactions and dehydrogenation of alcohols, phenols and steroid ketones. It is also used in the synthesis of 1,2-benzisoxazoles. It is a useful electron-transfer reagent for synthesis of quinolines from imines and alkynes or alkenes.
主な応用
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-p-benzoquinone (DDQ) can be used as:
A deprotecting reagent for a variety of compounds, such as thioacetals, acetals, and ketals.
An electron-transfer reagent for the synthesis of quinolines from imines and alkynes or alkenes.
An effective reagent for the benzylic and allylic C?H functionalization.
An oxidizing agent for the synthesis of functionalized furans and benzofurans.
A reagent with Ph3P in an efficient synthesis of 1,2-benzisoxazoles.
製造方法
The first synthesis of 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) was described by J.Thiele and F.Guntber in 1906. However, no interest was shown in the compound until Linstead and co-workers discovered its extraordinary potency as a dehydrogenating agent. Its oxidation potential is greater than that of any other known quinone.
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-Dicyanobenzoquinone (DDQ). A New Preparation
作用機(jī)序
2,3-Dichloro-5,6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ) has many applications in the oxidation of various organic compounds such as ketones, alcohols, phenols, aromatic compounds, heterocyclic structures, etc. Apart from that, the presence of two chlorine atoms and two nitrile groups on the benzoquinone ring may also behave as a potential chlorinating agent. Consequently, DDQ could act simultaneously as the chlorinating agent and the oxidant. It can also remove the protective functional groups during deprotections of different chemical entities. For dehydrogenation by DDQ, the mechanism includes the transfer of hydride to the quinone oxygen followed by the transfer of a proton to the phenolate ion[1].
安全性
DDQ reacts with water to release highly toxic hydrogen cyanide (HCN). A low-temperature and weakly acidic environment increases the stability of DDQ.
純化方法
Crystallise DDQ from CHCl3, CHCl3/*benzene (4:1), or *benzene and store it at 0o. [Pataki & Harvey J Org Chem 52 2226 1987, Beilstein 10 H 902, 10 II 635, 10 IV 3521.]
2,3-ジクロロ-5,6-ジシアノ-1,4-ベンゾキノン 上流と下流の製品情報
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品