水素化ほう素ナトリウム 化學(xué)特性,用途語(yǔ),生産方法
外観
白色?ほとんど白色, 結(jié)晶性粉末?粉末又は塊
定義
本品は、次の化學(xué)式で表される無機(jī)塩である。
溶解性
水に易溶 (55g/100ml, 25℃), エタノールに可溶, エーテルに不溶。エタノールにやや溶けやすく、水に徐々に分解する。水溶液に酸を加えると水素ガスが発生する。
解説
NaBH4(37.83)．水素化ホウ素ナトリウムともいう．アルカリ水素化ホウ素の代表的な化合物．乾燥空気中で安定な白色の結(jié)晶．エーテルに不溶，水に可溶．溶液は還元?jiǎng)垽瑜?H－ イオン源として合成に多く用いられる．酸と反応するとジボランを生じる．森北出版「化學(xué)辭典（第2版）
用途
アミノ酸自動(dòng)分析用調(diào)製液製造原料、還元?jiǎng)垺?
用途
原子吸光分析における水素化物発生剤(還元?jiǎng)?。
用途
非水溶液中でアルデヒド、けとん、あるいはSCHIFF塩基の還元?jiǎng)?、酸、エステル、酸クロライド、ジスルフィド、ニトリル、無機(jī)兄恩類を還元する。ジボランを発生して発泡剤や、無機(jī)化合物中の微量のアルデヒド、ケトン、過酸化物の捕捉剤として利用する。
化粧品の成分用途
還元?jiǎng)垺⑵つwコンディショニング剤、酸化防止剤、増量剤
使用上の注意
吸濕性あり不活性ガス封入
化學(xué)的特性
Sodium Borohydride is a white, odorless powder or pellet. It is used for bleaching wood pulp, as a blowing agent for plastics, and as a reducing agent for aldehydes and ketones.
物理的性質(zhì)
White cubic crystals; hygroscopic; density 1.07 g/cm
3; decomposes slowly at about 400°C in vacuum or in moist air; soluble in water, decomposing and evolving hydrogen; also soluble in alcohols, liquid ammonia, amines and pyridine.
製造方法
Sodium borohydride is prepared by reacting sodium hydride with trimethyl borate at about 250°C: 4 NaH + B(OCH
3)
3 → NaBH
3 + 3NaOCH
3Also, sodium borohydride can be made by passing diborane, B2H6, through a solution of sodium methylate, NaOCH3 , in methanol: 2B
2H
6 + 3NaOCH
3→ 3NaBH
3 + B(OCH
3)
3Alternatively, diborane may be be passed through a solution of sodium tetramethoxyborohydride at low temperatures: 3 NaB(OCH
3)
3 + 2B
2H
6 → 3NaBH
3 + 4B(OCH
3)
3.
調(diào)製方法
Sodium bisulfate is a by-product of sodium sulfate manufacture. One process involves reacting sulfuric acid with sodium nitrate at high temperature to form nitric acid and sodium bisulfate: NaNO
3 + H
2SO
3 → NaHSO4 + HNO
3(g)
In the above reaction, nitric acid is obtained as vapor. It is purged from the system and collected in water to obtain nitric acid solution of desired concentration. Sodium bisulfate is separated by fractional crystallization.
定義
ChEBI: Sodium borohydride is an inorganic sodium salt and a metal tetrahydridoborate.
一般的な説明
Sodium borohydride is a white to grayish crystalline powder. Sodium borohydride is decomposed by water to form sodium hydroxide, a corrosive material, and hydrogen, a flammable gas. The heat of this reaction may be sufficient to ignite the hydrogen. The material itself is easily ignited and burns vigorously once ignited. Sodium borohydride is used to make other chemicals, treat waste water, and for many other uses.
空気と水の反応
Hydrolysis generates enough heat to ignite adjacent combustible material [Haz. Chem. Data 1966]. Dissolves in water with liberation of heat, may steam and spatter. Solution is basic (alkaline). Reaction of water with the borohydride liberates flammable hydrogen gas. Sodium borohydride burns in air [Lab. Gov. Chemist 1965].
反応プロフィール
Sodium borohydride is a powerful reducing agent. A chemical base. Absorbs moisture readily forming caustic solution. which attacks aluminum and zinc. A violent polymerization of acetaldehyde results from the reactions of acetaldehyde with alkaline materials such as sodium hydroxide. Calcium oxide or sodium hydroxide react with phosphorus pentaoxide extremely violently when initiated by local heating [Mellor 8 Supp.3:406 (1971]. Using potassium hydroxide to dry impure tetrahydrofuran, which contains peroxides, may be hazardous. Explosions have occurred in the past. Sodium hydroxide behaves in a similar way as potassium hydroxide [NSC Newsletter, Chem. Soc. 1967]. Ignition occurs if a mixture of the hydride and sulfuric acid is not cooled. Contact of glycerol and Sodium borohydride leads to ignition, other glycols and methanol are exothermic but do not ignite.
危険性
Reacts with water to evolve hydrogen and
sodium hydroxide. Flammable, dangerous fire risk.
Store out of contact with moisture.
健康ハザード
It is mildly corrosive to skin. Oral intake orintravenous administration of the solid or itssolution produced high toxicity in animals.Ingestion of 160-mg/kg dose was lethal torats (NIOSH 1986).
火災(zāi)危険
Behavior in Fire: Decomposes and produces highly flammable hydrogen gas.
安全性プロファイル
Poison by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. A strong alkali. A severe eye, skin, and mucous membrane irritant. Ignites in air above 288’C when exposed to spark. Potentially explosive reaction with aluminum chloride + bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether. Reacts with ruthenium salts to form a solid product which explodes when touched or on contact with water. Reacts to form dangerously explosive hydrogen gas on contact with alkali, water and other protic solvents (e.g., methanol, ethanol, ethylene glycol, phenol), aluminum chloride + bis(2methoxyethy1)ether. Reacts violently with anhydrous acids (e.g., sulfuric, phosphoric, fluorophosphoric) to form diborane. Violent exothermic reaction with dimethyl formamide has caused industrial explosions. Mixtures with sulfuric acid may ignite. Incompatible with palladium, diborane + bis(2-methoxyethyl) ether, polyglycols, dimethylacetamide, oxidizers, metal salts, finely divided metallic precipitates of cobalt, nickel, copper, iron, and possibly other metals. Emits flammable vapors on contact with acid fumes. Materials sensitive to polymerization under alkaline conditions, such as acrylonitrile, may polymerize upon contact with sodium borohydride. Avoid storage in glass containers. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NanO. See also HYDRIDES, BORON COMPOUNDS, and SODIUM COMPOUNDS.
合成方法
NaHとホウ酸トリメチルの反応でつくる
純化方法
After adding NaBH4 (10g) to freshly distilled diglyme (120mL) in a dry three-necked flask fitted with a stirrer, nitrogen inlet and outlet, the mixture is stirred for 30minutes at 50o until almost all of the solid has dissolved. Stirring is stopped, and, after the solid has settled, the supernatant liquid is forced under N2 pressure through a sintered-glass filter into a dry flask. [The residue is centrifuged to obtain more of the solution which is added to the bulk.] The solution is cooled slowly to 0o and then decanted from the white needles that separated. The crystals are dried by evacuating for 4hours to give anhydrous NaBH4. Alternatively, after the filtration at 50o the solution is heated at 80o for 2hours to give a white precipitate of substantially anhydrous NaBH4 which is collected on a sintered-glass filter under N2, then evacuated at 60o for 2hours [Brown et al. J Am Chem Soc 77 6209 1955]. NaBH4 has also been crystallised from isopropylamine by dissolving it in the solvent at reflux, cooling, filtering and allowing the solution to stand in a filter flask connected to a Dry-ice/acetone trap. After most of the solvent has passed over into the cold trap, crystals are removed with forceps, washed with dry diethyl ether and dried under vacuum. [Kim & Itoh J Phys Chem 91 126 1987.] Somewhat less pure crystals were obtained more rapidly by using Soxhlet extraction with only a small amount of solvent and extracting for about 8hours. The crystals that formed in the flask are filtered off, then washed and dried as before. [Stockmayer et al. J Am Chem Soc 77 1980 1955.] Other solvents used for crystallisation include water and liquid ammonia.
廃棄物の処理
It may be destroyed in several ways. Onemethod is as follows (Aldrich 1995). Thesolid or its solution is dissolved or diluted inlarge volume of water. Diluted acetic acid oracetone is then slowly added to this solutionin a well-ventilated area. Hydrogen generatedfrom decomposition of borohydride shouldbe carefully vented out. The pH is adjustedto 1. The solution is then allowed to stand forseveral hours. It is then neutralized to 7, andthe solution is then evaporated to dryness.The residue is then buried in a landfillsite approved for hazardous waste disposal.Sodium borohydride may be destroyed in thelaboratory by alternative methods mentionedfor other hydrides.
水素化ほう素ナトリウム 上流と下流の製品情報(bào)
原材料
準(zhǔn)備製品