135-16-0
基本信息
四氫葉酸
左旋四氫葉酸
(-)-L-5,6,7,8-四氫葉酸
5,6,7,8-四氫蝶酰基-L-谷氨酸
(6S)-Thfa
l-amino)benzoyl)
Tetrahydofolic acid
TETRAHYDROFOLIC ACID
Tetrahydrofolic acide
L-Tetrahydrofolic Acid
(6S)-Tetrahydrofolic acid
5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolicacid
tetrahydropteroylglutamicacid
物理化學(xué)性質(zhì)
常見(jiàn)問(wèn)題列表
四氫葉酸是體內(nèi)一碳單位轉(zhuǎn)移酶系統(tǒng)中的輔酶,是由葉酸在維生素C和NADH+存在下,經(jīng)葉酸還原酶作用下生成二氫葉酸,然后由二氫葉酸還原酶催化生成。四氫葉酸是一碳基團(tuán)的載體,可傳遞一碳單位,參與嘌呤、胸腺嘧啶核苷酸的合成,對(duì)正常血細(xì)胞的生成具有促進(jìn)作用。所以當(dāng)葉酸缺乏或某些藥物抑制了葉酸還原酶,使葉酸不能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)樗臍淙~酸,都可影響血細(xì)胞的發(fā)育和成熟,造成巨幼紅細(xì)胞性貧血。
葉酸作為一碳單位載體,四氫葉酸是另一類一碳單位的載體,葉酸屬于水溶性維生素B混合體,由蝶呤、對(duì)氨基苯甲酸和谷氨酸各一分子構(gòu)成,而四氫葉酸是由葉酸經(jīng)兩步還原而得,分別需要“葉酸還原酶”和 “二氫葉酸還原酶”的催化。
四氫葉酸是在葉酸的5、6、7、8、四位碳上含四個(gè)氫,其所攜帶的一碳單位則位于N5或N10,再或連結(jié)N5和N10二者,形成一個(gè)橋梁。
機(jī)體內(nèi)以四氫葉酸充作載體的一碳單位,主要來(lái)自不同氨基酸的碳骨架代謝,例如甘氨酸、絲氨酸、組氨酸、色氨酸,羥脯氨酸的碳骨架代謝皆是一碳單位的來(lái)源。但是從量上說(shuō)一碳單位的主要來(lái)源則是絲氨酸的碳骨架代謝,因絲氨酸經(jīng)“絲氨酸轉(zhuǎn)羥甲基酶”的催化,直接將其羥甲基碳轉(zhuǎn)移給四氫葉酸而得N5、N10亞甲四氫葉酸。
葉酸在腸道中進(jìn)一步被葉酸還原酶還原成具有生理作用的四氫葉酸,它是體內(nèi)生化反應(yīng)中一碳單位的傳遞體,葉酸攜帶一碳單位形成5-甲基四氫葉酸、亞甲基四氫葉酸等多種活性形式發(fā)揮生理作用。5-甲基四氫葉酸是體內(nèi)葉酸的主要形式,大部分被轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)至肝臟,在肝臟中通過(guò)合成酶作用重新轉(zhuǎn)變成多谷氨酸衍生物后儲(chǔ)存。肝臟是葉酸的主要儲(chǔ)存部位,儲(chǔ)存量約為7.5mg±2.5mg(Herbert,1962年),亦有報(bào)告為6~14mg(Whitehead,1973年)及11mg(Hoppner,1980年)。肝內(nèi)葉酸占體內(nèi)葉酸總量的50%左右。當(dāng)儲(chǔ)存于肝臟及其他組織中的多谷氨酸葉酸釋放入血液后,又被結(jié)合酶水解為單谷氨酸葉酸形式,并與血漿蛋白相結(jié)合。肝臟每日釋放約0.1mg葉酸至血液,以維持血清葉酸水平。血液及組織液中的葉酸主要是5-甲基四氫葉酸。
Human Endogenous Metabolite
|
Tetrahydrofolic acid (0-200 μM; 3 days; Adh5
-/-
DT40 cells) exposure is cytotoxic to Adh5- and Fanconi anemia (FA)-deficient cells due to the accumulation of extensive DNA damage and chromosome breaks.
Tetrahydrofolic acid (0-100 μM; 16 hours; Adh5
-/-
DT40 cells) treatment strongly promots FANCD2 and ser139-H2AX focus formation in Adh5
-/-
cells in a dose-dependent manner.
Tetrahydrofolic acid exposure activates the DNA damage response (DDR) due to uncontrolled activity of the thymidylate synthase enzyme, which causes a depletion of essential nucleotides, and promotes repair by a homologous recombination mechanism.
Cell Viability Assay
Cell Line: | Adh5 -/- DT40 cells |
Concentration: | 0-200 μM |
Incubation Time: | 3 days |
Result: | Viability of Adh5 -/- DT40 cells rapidly dropped. |
Western Blot Analysis
Cell Line: | Adh5 -/- DT40 cells |
Concentration: | 0-200 μM |
Incubation Time: | 16 hours |
Result: | Strongly promoted FANCD2 and ser139-H2AX focus formation in Adh5 -/- cells in a dose-dependent manner. |
Tetrahydrofolic acid (62.5 mg/kg; intraperitoneal injection; daily; Adh5 -/- mice) treatment perturbs the hematopoiesis of hematopoietic cells, increases ser139-H2AX phosphorylation, and decreases the survival of progenitor cells (HSPCs) suggesting that excess Tetrahydrofolic acid could be mutagenic and genotoxic to bone marrow cells.
Animal Model: | Adh5 -/- mice |
Dosage: | 62.5 mg/kg |
Administration: | Intraperitoneal injection; daily |
Result: | Perturbed hematopoiesis, increased ser139-H2AX phosphorylation, and decreased the survival of progenitor cells (HSPCs). |